More than an Appendicitis: A Case of an Appendiceal Neuroendocrine Tumor

Appendiceal neuroendocrine tumors are the most common neoplasms of the appendix, often diagnosed incidentally during appendectomy in cases of acute appendicitis. Their estimated prevalence ranges from 0.16%-2.3%, with a higher incidence among women in their second to fifth decades of life. While most tumors exhibit an indolent course with a favorable prognosis, more aggressive histological subtypes may metastasize, most commonly to the liver. We report a clinical case of a 12-year-old female presenting with a case of acute appendicitis for which she underwent an urgent laparoscopic appendectomy. Histopathological examination identified a well-differentiated 15 mm neuroendocrine tumor, with serosal invasion and perineural involvement, without lymphovascular or mesoappendiceal invasion. Following a multidisciplinary discussion, the patient was placed under surveillance with annual ultrasound monitoring. Appendiceal neuroendocrine tumors are rare but represent the most common neoplasms of the appendix, and they are often detected incidentally. Proper histopathological evaluation is essential for determining optimal management.