The Kahrom Qanat, A Valve with Indigenous Technology and Its Role in The Stable Architecture from The Safavid Period in Isfahan

The formation of human communities in the central plateau of Iran due to the ruling system based on the characteristics of geography and arid and semi-arid climate is highly dependent on surface and groundwater resources. The Qanat is a sustainable system for supplying drinking water and irrigation according to the geographical conditions of each region; it is engineered to access groundwater resources in harmony with the environment and climate of a region. The Kahrom Qanat is one of the survivors of this ruling system in the Central Plateau from the Safavid period, which is an example of the development of sustainable architecture, native technology in the Central Plateau, and the focus of water management on sustainable, safe, and cost-effective management methods. This Qanat, in terms of its architectural type, is a continuation of Iran's Dastkand architecture and is made of marble. The research method is descriptive-analytical and collects field and library information. The findings of the research show that the geographical and topographic features of the region are the main factors in choosing the type of architecture of this Qanat. The purpose of this research is to analyze the physical structure and introduce the type of architectural index of the Kahrom Qanat and the optimal use of the potential of this Qanat in directing groundwater, which shows the presentation of an important architectural strategy in economic well-being in order to improve the quality of life. The results indicate that the Kahrom Qanat, in terms of architecture and functionality, is compatible with the indigenous technology and geographical conditions of the region, topography, land slope, and geological characteristics.