Expression Profile of Human Cytomegalovirus UL111A cmvIL-10 and LAcmvIL-10 Transcripts in Primary Cells and Cells from Renal Transplant Recipients

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a high-risk pathogen in immunocompromised individuals, especially in transplant recipients. HCMV viremia must be monitored, and frequently, patients are treated with antiviral agents. HCMV has a variety of strategies to modulate host antiviral responses, and one important player is a viral homolog of the cellular interleukin-10 (cIL-10). The viral UL111A gene produces several HCMV IL-10 transcripts and protein isoforms through alternative splicing. The cmvIL-10 (isoform A) has similar properties to cIL-10, while LAcmvIL-10 (isoform B) has more restricted biological properties. Other isoforms are produced (C to H) but have unknown functions. Here, we investigated the expression of the most abundant transcripts, cmvIL-10 and LAcmvIL-10, in productively and latently infected cells and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from renal transplant recipients up to 60 days post-transplantation. This study investigated HCMV cmvIL-10 and LAcmvIL-10 transcription profiles in vitro, in productive and latent infection, and in vivo, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of renal transplant patients. In vitro, both cmvIL-10 and LAcmvIL-10 transcripts were detected in both types at high levels and low levels in MRC-5 and latent infected (CD14+). When PBMCs from transplant patients were analyzed, LAcmvIL-10 was detected mostly sporadically and in only a few patients, while cmvIL-10 was found in all patients at all time points. Furthermore, it was observed in PBMCs that expression of cmvIL-10 was positively associated with an increase in viral DNA detection in the subsequently collected sample, indicating that expression of cmvIL-10 might precede viral DNA replication. These results contribute to the understanding of HCMV biology in different phases of infection. In addition, our initial analysis suggests that monitoring cmvIL-10, along with viral DNA, could improve early detection of HCMV reactivation in transplant recipients.