食用植物油中邻苯二甲酸酯的研究进展Research progress on phthalate esters in edible vegetable oils

邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）是一类植物油脂中常见的有害污染物，具有致癌、致畸、致突变和内分泌干扰等毒性。旨在为有效控制食用植物油中PAEs提供重要参考，对食用植物油中PAEs的样品前处理及检测技术、污染途径以及脱除技术进行了总结。PAEs检测的前处理方法包括固相萃取、固相微萃取、 QuEChERS法、液液萃取法以及凝胶渗透色谱等，测定方法有气相色谱法、高效液相色谱法、气相色谱质谱联用法、液相色谱质谱联用法等；食用植物油中PAEs的污染途径有植物油料、油脂加工工艺、加工助剂、塑料材质的加工设备部件和管件及油脂包装与贮藏等；食用植物油中PAEs的脱除技术包括物理吸附、水蒸气蒸馏及分子蒸馏等。采取一系列PAEs的污染途径控制措施，适宜的脱除技术以及优化检测方法可有效防范食用植物油中PAEs超标及提高食用植物油质量安全。 Phthalate esters (PAEs) are common harmful pollutants in vegetable oils, known for their carcinogenic, teratogenic, mutagenic, and endocrine-disrupting toxicities. To provide essential guidelines for the effective control of PAEs in edible vegetable oils, the sample pretreatment and detection techniques, pollution pathways, and removal technologies for PAEs were summarized. The sample pretreatment methods for PAEs in edible vegetable oils include solid-phase extraction, solid-phase microextraction, QuEChERS, liquid-liquid extraction, and gel permeation chromatography, etc. Detection methods include gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, etc. The pollution pathways of PAEs in edible vegetable oils involve oilseeds, oil processing techniques, processing additives, plastic material components of processing equipment and pipelines, and oil package and storage. The removal technologies for PAEs in edible vegetable oils include physical adsorption, steam distillation, and molecular distillation, etc. A series of PAEs pollution pathway control measures, appropriate removal technology and optimized detection methods can effectively prevent excessive of PAEs in vegetable oils and improve product safety.