Analysis of the application of high-resolution anoscopy and anal cancer screening techniques in HIV-negative MSM population

[Objectives] To analyze the application effect of high-resolution anoscopy (HRA) and anal cancer screening technology in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) -negative men who have sex with men (MSM) population. [Methods] Seventeen HIV (-) MSM were retrospectively enrolled in anal cancer screening. The clinical data including human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, anal exfoliative cytology, and biopsy results guided by HRA were collected in this population. [Results] According to the biopsy pathology results of the patients, 17 cases were divided into a negative group (n＝4), a low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) group (n＝4), and a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) group (n＝9). Among all patients, 11 had no obvious symptoms, 3 had a history of smoking, and 2 had a history of syphilis. All patients had anal sex, with 5 patients also having vaginal sex. Seven patients with a history of treatment for anal and genital warts were treated, mainly in the perianal and anal regions. Treatment methods included laser, cryotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and drug therapy. There were 6 cases of HPV type 11 infection, 5 cases of HPV type 16 infection, 4 cases of HPV type 6 infection, 3 cases of HPV type 51 infection, 2 cases of HPV type 58 infection, and 1 case each of HPV types 31, 33, 39, 43, 52, and 59 infections. [Conclusion] The application of HRA and anal cancer screening technology in high-risk groups has certain application value and prospects. However, developing standardized screening strategies still requires large-scale, multi-center, randomized controlled clinical trials to provide reliable evidence.