Supercritical Production of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil; Complementary Pathways to Decarbonization: The Social and Economic Implications of Integrating EVs and Renewable Fuels in the U.S. Auto Industry

This thesis examines the social and economic implications of integrating renewable fuel sources within the U.S. auto industry, particularly in the context of the ongoing transition from Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) Vehicles to Electric Vehicles (EVs). As global energy demands escalate, concerns over greenhouse gas emissions have prompted governments to implement policies aimed at reducing reliance on fossil fuels. While the EV industry is often emphasized as the primary solution to this problem through government policy initiatives, high consumer-end costs and the increasing demand for rare earth metals raise questions about the feasibility of widespread EV adoption. By employing an economies-of-scale framework, this research compares the renewable fuels industry, specifically biodiesel derived from waste materials, with the EV sector. Despite biodiesel’s current cost disadvantage relative to conventional diesel, targeted government policies can facilitate its transition to be a more economically viable option. The findings suggest that prioritizing renewable fuels could provide a more equitable and sustainable pathway to achieving net carbon neutrality, allowing consumers to transition without the financial burden of purchasing new electric vehicles. Ultimately, this study advocates for a dual approach that supports both renewable fuels and EVs, recognizing that a holistic strategy is essential for addressing the complex interplay of energy consumption, environmental impact, and social equity in the auto industry’s decarbonization efforts.