Capstone Swept Volume Display Final Report; Treading Lightly: The Ethics of Cave Ecotourism

Three-dimensional (3D) visualization technology has been steadily progressing in recent decades but has not yet become a mainstream technology. Caves present unique challenges to visualize through a two-dimensional (2D) medium due to their intricate geometries and limited accessibility but could benefit greatly from the specialized implementation of a 3D visualization tool. My capstone research addresses this problem with a swept volume cave visualization tool. This tool enhances existing methods by providing software to manage and generate cave maps compatible with the physical device, which generates a 3D quasi-hologram from a rotating sequence of 2D images. Unlike existing solutions, which are either low-resolution prototypes or prohibitively expensive devices, this project aims to create a more accessible and cost-effective visualization tool for hobbyist cavers, researchers, and rescue teams. While the technology facilitates safer exploration, the social and ethical implications of increased cave access must be considered. The rise of cave ecotourism, often promoted as a sustainable practice, can inadvertently harm fragile ecosystems through habitat degradation, pollution, and the introduction of foreign microbes. Additionally, the influx of tourists can create tensions with local communities that live on or around these environments that they may rely on economically. Thus, this research examines the balance between technological advancements in cave exploration and the ethical responsibility to safeguard these natural spaces. This research applies Actor-Network Theory (ANT) to analyze the interrelationships between all actors, whether human, living, or non-living. ANT provides a framework to examine how different stakeholders—such as ecotourists, local communities, and conservationists— interact with and influence each other and the caves they occupy. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including a literature review, case studies of cave ecotourism sites, and analysis of environmental and community impact reports. Through this research, several key practices were identified and translated into a set of recommendations. These results allow for all stakeholders to have their interests represented, prioritizing the environment and communities above tourism and profit. When considered together, the capstone project and research complement each other to foster safer cave exploration, ensuring that technological advancements improve safety and accessibility for explorers without compromising the integrity of cave ecosystems. The implications extend beyond caves, informing broader discussions on how emerging technologies can be deployed ethically in sensitive natural environments.