Serum EGFR and CA125 levels are correlated in women with adenomyosis pregnancy outcomes

Objective To explore the changes in serum epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and cancer antigen 125 (CA125) levels in pregnant women with adenomyosis (AM) and their relationship with pregnancy outcomes. Methods A total of 108 pregnant women with AM(AM pregnant women group) admitted to Baoding Maternal And Child Health Hospital from June 2021 to August 2023 were collected and divided into a good pregnancy group (n=43) and a poor pregnancy group (n=65) based on pregnancy outcomes. Meanwhile, AM patients were selected as AM group and 108 pregnant women with normal pregnancy test were selected as control group. ELISA was applied to detect the serum level of EGFR and CA125. Pearson correlation was applied to analyze the correlation between serum EGFR and CA125 in AM pregnant women. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to analyze the factors that affected the outcome of AM pregnancy. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to analyze the predictive value of serum EGFR and CA125 levels for AM pregnancy outcomes. Results Compared with the control group, serum level of EGFR and CA125 in AM group and AM pregnant women group were significantly increased and serum level of EGFR and CA125 in AM pregnant women group was higher than that in AM group (P＜0.05). As the depth grading of endometrial invasion increased, serum level of EGFR and CA125 increased sequentially; The serum level of EGFR and CA125 was obviously elevated in diffuse type and proliferate phase (P＜0.05). The expression level of EGFR and CA125 in the serum of AM pregnant women with premature rupture of membranes, premature birth, placenta previa, and miscarriage was significantly increased(P＜0.05). According to Pearson correlation analysis, there was a positive correlation between serum EGFR and CA125 in AM pregnant women (r=0.487, P＜0.05). The serum level of EGFR and CA125 in good pregnancy group was lower than that in poor pregnancy group (P＜0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of serum EGFR, CA125, and their combined prediction for AM pregnancy outcome was 0.880, 0.835, and 0.955, respectively and the combined prediction of AUC for AM pregnancy outcome was significantly higher than that of serum EGFR and CA125 alone prediction (Zcombination-EGFR=2.279, Zcombination-CA125=3.304, both P＜0.05). Conclusions Serum level of EGFR and CA125 in AM pregnant women is elevated, which is closely related to pregnancy outcomes and is potential risk factor for poor pregnancy in AM. The combination of the two is more effective in predicting pregnancy outcomes in AM.