FBP suppresses viral infection largely independent of the type I IFN signaling pathway.

<p>(A) RAW264.7 cells were treated with 5 mM FBP for 12 h and infected with VSV (MOI, 0.1) for the indicated times. The RNA levels of VSV were assessed by qPCR. (B-D) RAW264.7 cells pretreated with 5 mM FBP for 12 h were treated with VSV (MOI, 0.1) (B). HLCZ01 cells pretreated with 5 mM FBP for 12 h were inoculated with HCV (MOI, 0.1) (C). RAW264.7 cells pretreated with 5 mM FBP for 12 h were inoculated with HSV-1 (MOI, 0.1) (D). The cells were incubated at 4°C for 1 h, or at 37°C for 1 h, or at 4°C for 1 h and then at 37°C for 1 h. The levels of VSV RNA, HCV RNA or HSV-1 gDNA were analyzed by qPCR. (E-I) THP-1 cells and E0771 cells were treated with the indicated concentration of FBP for 12 h and infected with VSV (MOI, 0.1) (E and F) or HSV-1 (MOI, 0.1) (H and I) for 10 h. Huh7.5-MAVSR cells were infected with HCV (MOI, 0.01) for 72 h and treated with the indicated concentration of FBP for 12 h (G). The mRNA levels of <i>Ifnb1</i> were assessed by qPCR. (J and K) RAW264.7 cells were treated with the indicated concentration of FBP for 12 h and infected with VSV (MOI, 0.1) for 10 h (J) or the indicated times (K), followed by qPCR analysis of <i>Ifit</i> (J) or immunoblot detection with the indicated antibodies (K). (L) RAW264.7 cells were treated with 5 mM FBP for 12 h, then infected with VSV (MOI, 0.1) for the indicated times, followed by qPCR analysis of <i>Ifnb1</i> mRNA levels. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. NS, not significant, *<i>p</i> < 0.05; **<i>p</i> < 0.01; ***<i>p</i> < 0.001, two-tailed Student’s t test.</p> <p>(DOCX)</p>