Historical occurrence data for <i>P</i>. <i>m</i>. <i>sylvina</i>.

<div><p>For the first time, we obtained for the first time a COI DNA barcode from museum specimens of the Old World swallowtail butterfly endemic to Taiwan, <i>Papilio machaon</i> ssp. <i>sylvina</i>, that has disappeared since the devastating Jiji earthquake in 1999 that shook Central Taiwan. We demonstrate that this population was not only phenotypically distinct, but also had a unique mitochondrial haplotype among all other Holarctic populations of <i>P</i>. <i>machaon</i>. The life history of <i>P</i>. <i>m</i>. <i>sylvina</i> from rearing experiments carried out in the 1990s is illustrated and discussed.</p></div>