SNP-based heritability of simulated traits from ALSPAC dataset with correlated maternal-fetal genetic effects (average correlation = 0.5).

of simulated traits from ALSPAC dataset with correlated maternal-fetal genetic effects (average correlation = 0.5), estimated through conventional GCTA, M-GCTA and H-GCTA approach. Each approach was fitted using GREML (α = -0.25, -1.0), LDAK-Thin (α = -0.25, -1.0) and LDAK-Weights (α = -0.25, -1.0). For GCTA, M is the GRM generated from maternal genotypes (m), and F is the GRM generated from fetal genotypes (f). For M-GCTA, M’ represents the genetic relationship matrix of mothers; G represents genetic relationship matrix of children and D represents mother-child covariance matrix. For H-GCTA, M1 is the GRM generated from maternal transmitted alleles (m1), M2 is the GRM generated from maternal non-transmitted alleles (m2), and P1 is the GRM generated from paternal transmitted alleles (p1). A total of 100 replicates of each phenotype were simulated using empirical genotypes of ALSPAC dataset. P-values were calculated using z test statistics (two sided). (DOCX)