Development of portable electrochemical sensor for heavy metals and application of detection of heavy metals lead and cadmium in rice

[Objective] To develop an efficient electrochemical method for the rapid detection of cadmium and lead ions （Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺） in rice samples. [Methods] Designed a portable electrochemical sensor utilizing a disposable screen printed electrode and anodic stripping voltammetry with an isoplated bismuth electrode. This setup was further optimized through square wave voltammetry （SWV）, cyclic voltammetry （CV）, and chronocurrent methods （I-T）. [Results] The proposed approach exhibited outstanding performance with a linear detection range of 20 to 80 μg/L for Cd²⁺ and 10 to 80 μg/L for Pb²⁺. The LOD of the cadmium ion were 1.201 0 μg/L, the LOD of the lead ion were 0.963 9 μg/L. [Conclusion] Our newly established electrochemical sensor for heavy metal detection in rice offers high sensitivity, ease of operation, rapid analysis, and aligns with environmentally friendly practices.