Chloroplast genome features and phylogenetic analysis of Artemisia parviflora

To explore the structural features of Artemisia parviflora chloroplast genome and its systematic position, high-throughput sequencing technology were employed for genome sequencing and bioinformatics tools for analyzing. The results were as follows:(1)The chloroplast genome of A. parviflora was 151 047 bp, with a typical circular double-stranded tetrad structure, and the GC content was 37.5%.(2)Total 115 unique genes were annotated, including 81 protein-coding genes, 4 rRNA genes, and 30 tRNA genes.(3)Sixty-eight simple sequence repeats(SSRs)and 37 long repeat sequences were detected.(4)The codon usage bias was weak in the A. parviflora chloroplast genome, and natural selection mainly contributed to the codon usage bias. High-frequency codons tend to ended with A/U.(5)There was no obvious expansion or contraction of the inverted repeat(IR)regions. Five high variation regions(trnH-psbA, rpl16-rps3, ycf15-trnL-UAG, ndhA, and ycf1)were identified which could be used as potential molecular markers for identifying subgen. Dracunculus species.(6)Phylogenetic analysis revealed the systematic position of A. parviflora within subgen. Dracunculus and elucidated the phylogenetic relationships among the various subgenera of Artemisia. This study provides the reference for future molecular marker development and phylogenetic research of Artemisia species.