Defect Engineered\n2D Graphitic Carbon Nitride for\nPhotochemical, (Bio)Electrochemical, and Microplastic Remediation\nAdvancements

The advent of atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) materials,\nwith\ntheir distinct optical, physicochemical, and surface properties, offers\na multitude of avenues for tackling environmental challenges and propelling\nadvancements in clean energy technologies. Defect engineering emerges\nas a key strategy in this pursuit, enhancing the material’s\neffectiveness across various applications and unlocking its inherent\npotential. This investigation reveals the extraordinary potential\nof 2D graphitic carbon nitride (g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) and\nmodified g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> in propelling advancements across\nphotochemical, electrochemical, and bioelectrochemical domains, with\na primary emphasis on remediation techniques for water treatment,\nelectrode development, and microplastic removal. The material’s\nexceptional properties, including its structural characteristics,\nadsorption capabilities, and photocatalytic activity, are also leveraged.\nThis study underscores the critical importance of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> as a multifaceted solution to pressing environmental and\nelectrochemical issues, highlighting its role as a catalyst for innovation\nand progress in sustainable development initiatives.