Advances in the Impact of Microbial Dissemination in Metabolic Fatty Liver Disease through the Oral-gut-liver Axis Theory

Metabolic fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases worldwide, with a prevalence of up to 30% in China, and still rising. The disease is associated with genetic factors, environmental factors and patients' lifestyle habits, and is easily combined with various metabolism-related diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular and cerebral vascular diseases, as well as serious complications such as liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. An increasing number of basic experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated the relevance of oral and gut microbiota to MAFLD, and targeted treatment of oral and gut microbiota may play an important role in the prevention and treatment of MAFLD. In this paper, we summarize the oral and gut microbiota characteristics of MAFLD patients based on the theory of the oral-gut-liver axis and the mechanism of the role of oral and gut microbiota dysbiosis on the development of MAFLD, hoping to provide ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of MAFLD.