Synergetic\nPorous Insulating and Passivation Layer\nDesign for High-Efficiency and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

Perovskite solar cells have attracted extensive attention\ndue to\ntheir simple manufacturing process and high efficiency. However, defects\nbetween the perovskite and hole transport layer can lead to nonradiative\nrecombination of photogenerated carriers and severe ion migration,\nwhich accelerates the degradation of such devices. Here, we chose\nto deposit an Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> porous insulating layer\non the surface of the perovskite film. At the same time, we chose\nto introduce NMABr (1-Naphthylmethylamine Bromide) into Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> as a modifier to overcome the issue that applying Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> alone may hinder interfacial carrier transport\ndue to the uncontrolled morphology. The addition of NMABr not only\nhas a passivation effect but also changes the morphology of the Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> layer. Under the synergistic effect of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and NMABr, a porous insulating contact layer\nis better formed, which is conducive to carrier transport and improves\nthe stability and efficiency.