Roman stone masonry walls: The application of Ground Penetrating Radar to ancient structures

An investigation on estimating Roman stone masonry wall thickness using non-invasive Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology is presented in this paper. Historical building conservation and structural evaluation require correct wall thickness measurements. The methodology encapsulates data collection, signal processing, and interpretation techniques, including the use of local frequency attributes tailored for historical masonry structures. The main perimeter wall at the Circus of Maxentius, Rome, Italy, is used as the case study. The results indicate that GPR is capable of accurately estimating the thickness of Roman stone masonry walls. By conducting a comparative analysis against a wall section with a known thickness, it has been demonstrated that GPR is a dependable and precise method for conducting archaeological and architectural research. This study highlights the potential of using GPR attributes as a non-destructive investigative methodology in the field of heritage preservation. Future research includes extracting and improving further attributes and applying this approach to other historical structures.