Internal State\nof Vesicles Affects Higher Order State\nof Vesicle Assembly and Interaction

Dynamic soft matter\nsystems composed of functionalized\nvesicles\nand liposomes are typically produced and then manipulated through\nexternal means, including the addition of exogenous molecules. In\nbiology, natural cells possess greater autonomy, as their internal\nstates are continuously updated, enabling them to effect higher order\nproperties of the system. Therefore, a conceptual and technical gap\nexists between the natural and artificial systems. We engineered functionalized\nvesicles to form multicore aggregates capable of self-assembly due\nto the presence of complementary ssDNA strands. A dynamic process\nwas then triggered through an exogenously triggered on-demand release\nof an endogenously produced displacer molecule, resulting in multicore\naggregate disassembly. This approach explores how internal states\nof vesicles can affect the external organization, demonstrating a\nvery simple programmable strategy for assembly and then endogenous\ndisassembly. This framework supports the exploration of larger and\nmore complex multicore entities, opening a path toward community behavior\nand a higher degree of autonomy.