The Cardioprotective\nEffect of Ginseng Derived Exosomes\nvia Inhibition of Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis

Ginsenosides possess potential protective effects against\ncisplatin\n(CDDP)-induced toxicity, but the limited bioavailability of ginsenosides\nhampered their therapeutic application. Ginseng exosomes (G-Exo),\nwhich are active ingredients in ginseng, exhibit excellent biocompatibility\nand low immunogenicity. Here, G-Exo were isolated from ginseng roots\nthrough a combination of ultracentrifugation and sucrose gradient\ncentrifugation techniques. Subsequently, the potential protective\neffect of G-Exo on CDDP induced cardiotoxicity, and its underlying\nmechanisms were explored. The findings demonstrated that G-Exo effectively\nmitigated CDDP-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis <i>in vitro</i>. Moreover, <i>in vivo</i> experiments revealed that G-Exo\nsignificantly inhibited the increases in serum cardiac troponin T\n(cTnT), creatine kinase (CK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels\nin mice induced by CDDP. Histological assessment and tissue staining\nfurther corroborated that G-Exo alleviated the cardiac tissue damage\nand apoptosis caused by CDDP. Mechanistically, G-Exo were found to\nalleviate CDDP-induced apoptosis through blocking the MAPK signaling.\nCollectively, these results suggest that G-Exo hold the potential\nto mitigate cisplatin-induced cardiac injury by regulating the MAPK\npathway, thereby highlighting the therapeutic potential of G-Exo as\na protective agent against CDDP-induced cardiotoxicity.