Unique Hollow Cu<sub>1.5</sub>Mn<sub>1.5</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@Mn-Doped\nCuO Nanocomposite as a Robust Heterogeneous Catalyst\nfor the Complete Oxidation of Toluene

The transition-metal-based heterogeneous\ncatalysts for the decontamination\nof VOCs have emerged as a hot spot research trend over the past decades.\nHowever, their current catalytic performances are still limited, which\nare rooted in their low surface area and limited interfacial properties\n(e.g., surface oxygen species and oxygen vacancies). This study offers\na facile synthetic method to prepare a unique hollow Cu<sub>1.5</sub>Mn<sub>1.5</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@Mn-doped CuO nanocomposite catalyst.\nThe resulting material consists of high surface area, abundant surface\noxygen species, high bulk oxygen mobility, and rich surface oxygen\nvacancies. These features simultaneously contribute to promoting the\ncatalytic complete oxidation of toluene. Thus, the Cu<sub>1.5</sub>Mn<sub>1.5</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@Mn-doped CuO nanocomposite exhibits\nsuperior catalytic activity, achieving a <i>T</i><sub>90</sub> value of 274 °C at a GHSV of 96,000 mL·g<sup>–1</sup>·h<sup>–1</sup>, significantly outperforming the conventional\nCu<sub>1.5</sub>Mn<sub>1.5</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@CuO and Cu<sub>1.5</sub>Mn<sub>1.5</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-CuO catalysts.