Design and Optimization of a Dual-Band THz Antenna for 6G Wireless Communication Using Interpolated Quasi-Newton Algorithm

This study investigates the development and optimization of a dual-band terahertz ($\mathbf{T H z)}$ antenna designed for next-generation 6 G wireless networks, operating at 0.35 THz and 0.41 THz. The antenna utilizes a Rogers RO3210 substrate with a relative permittivity of 10.8, an electric loss tangent of 0.0027, and a thermal conductivity of $0.81 \mathrm{~W} / \mathrm{K} / \mathrm{m}$. The dimensions of the antenna is $900 \mu \mathrm{~m} \times 570 \mu \mathrm{~m} \times 100 \mu \mathrm{~m}$. After the initial design phase, the antenna was optimized using the Interpolated Quasi-Newton Algorithm in CST Studio Suite, focusing on minimizing reflection coefficients and maximizing gain. The optimized antenna showed effective impedance matching with return losses of $\mathbf{- 2 8. 9 8 d B}$ at 0.35 THz and 31.19 dB at 0.41 THz. The 3D and far-field radiation pattern analyses revealed robust directional characteristics and efficient power distribution at both frequencies. This research highlights the potential of innovative antenna designs and advanced optimization techniques to address the challenges associated with THz frequencies. The findings confirm the antenna’s suitability for high-frequency applications, such as smart cities, connected vehicles, IoT ecosystems, and precision sensing, providing a promising pathway to achieving high performance in future 6G networks. Continued research and development will be essential to fully realize the transformative potential of THz frequencies in wireless communication systems.