A Wearable\nElectrochemical Sensor Based on Single-Atom\nPt Anchored on Activated NiCo-LDH/Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub><i>x</i></sub> for Real-Time Monitoring of Glucose

Wearable, noninvasive sweat sensors enable real-time\nmonitoring\nof metabolites in human health management. However, the commercial\nenzyme-based and currently nonenzymatic glucose sensor represents\nsluggish glucose oxidation kinetics and a narrow sensing range. Rational\ndesign of sensitive materials is significant yet faces a huge challenge.\nHerein, we construct a single-atom Pt supported on NiCo-LDH/Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> heterostructures (Pt<sub>1</sub>-NiCo-LDH/Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub>) as the nonenzymatic\nelectrochemical glucose sensor sensitive materials for selective detection\nof glucose level in human sweat. The obtained Pt<sub>1</sub>-NiCo-LDH/Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> with improved structural stability\nand enhanced charge transfer efficiency shows a low oxidation peak\npotential of 0.49 V, high sensitivity of 506.6 μA mM<sup>–1</sup> cm<sup>–2</sup>, a low detection limit of 0.035 μM,\nand long-term stability toward the glucose detection. The wearable\nsensor, coupled with a wireless transmission module and a signal processing\nchip, is used for real-time perspiration glucose monitoring during\noutdoor exercise. The result is comparable to that of high-performance\nliquid chromatography (HPLC). This research provides a new paradigm\nfor designing a wearable nonenzymatic electrochemical glucose sensor,\nenabling noninvasive real-time monitoring of glucose concentrations\nin human sweat.