Synthesis of Co/Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Heterostructure\nin N‑Doped Porous, Amorphous Carbon: A Superior Electrochemical\nSensor for Sensitive Determination of Alectinib in Various Fluids

Highly crystallized\nCo and Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles\nembedded in an N-doped amorphous carbon matrix have been successfully\nfabricated by the molten-salt-assisted method using KClO<sub>3</sub> and zeolitic imidazolate framework-12 (ZIF-12). Pyrolysis of ZIF-12\nwith different concentrations of KClO<sub>3</sub> leads to embedded\nCo and Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles in a conductive amorphous\ncarbon network. The impact of salt concentration on the morphology\nand electrochemical performance of these composites was investigated\nfor electrochemical sensor applications. By employing a straightforward\nand efficient technique, Co/Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> heterostructures\nwere successfully synthesized in N-doped porous amorphous carbon.\nThe Co/Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> carbon heterostructures were optimized\nby varying the salt concentration, resulting in a significant electrochemical\nsensor performance for detecting ALC in both bulk and biological fluids.\nThe sensor demonstrates excellent sensitivity (62.97 nmol/L) and selectivity\ntoward ALC, with a wide linear range (0.2–2 μM) and a\nlow detection limit (18.89 nM). Furthermore, it displays remarkable\nstability and reproducibility, positioning it as a strong contender\nfor practical use in pharmaceutical analysis and biomedical research.\nThis study presents a significant advancement in electrochemical sensing\ntechnology and underscores the potential of Co/Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> heterostructures in the development of high-performance sensors\nfor detecting bioactive compounds in complex matrices.