Seven New Guanidine Derivatives and One New HypoxanthineDerivative Isolated from the Scorpion <i>Buthus martensii</i> and Potential Anti-Neuroinflammatory Activity

Twelve guanidine derivatives (<b>1</b>–<b>12</b>), including seven new compounds (martensiiagms A–G, <b>1</b>–<b>7</b>), one new hypoxanthine derivative (martensiiagm H, <b>13</b>), and 15 known compounds (<b>14</b>–<b>28</b>) were isolated from the whole body of <i>Buthus martensii</i> Karsch and identified by analysis of data. Subsequent biological evaluations revealed the anti-inflammatory activity of compound <b>1</b>. It attenuates the neuroinflammation and oxidative stress levels prompted by lipopolysaccharide. This attenuation is accomplished by a specific action on mitochondria, which, in turn, caused a significant decrease in reactive oxygen species and pro-inflammatory cytokines.