Biogenic Ag-ZnO nanoparticles synthesized via Andrographis macrobotrys Nees: A dual role in biomedical applications and methylene blue dye degradation

This study uses aqueous leaf extracts of Andrographis macrobotrys to create Ag-ZnO nanoparticles in a low-toxic, environmentally benign manner. Numerous analytical techniques, including as Ultra Violet-Vis spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction, Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectrum, Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray, Transmission Electron Microscopy, and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, are used on the resultant sample. Ag-ZnO nanoparticles had stronger antibacterial activity against four clinical pathogens, including K. pneumoniae and B. subtilis . The DPPH and ABTS assays were used to evaluate the antioxidant capacity, and the results showed maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC 50 ) of 85.67 and 93.78 µg/mL, respectively. The A549 cell line's cytotoxicity was assessed using an MTT test, which yielded an IC 50 value of 44.09 µg/mL. By using IC 50 values of 227.95 and 224.15 µg/mL, respectively, the anti-inflammatory analysis validated the nanoparticles' therapeutic potential. The reaction combinations combining MB-Ag-ZnO nanoparticles demonstrated the greatest reduction in MB, with a 99 % drop, and were shown to be the most effective photocatalyst for dye degradation in the presence of direct sunlight. of Ag doped ZnO Nanoparticles • Green synthesis of Ag-ZnO nanoparticles was achieved using Andrographis macrobotrys Nees. • Characterization confirmed stable, crystalline, and well-defined nanoparticles. • Nanoparticles exhibited strong antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities. • Excellent photocatalytic efficiency was observed in degrading methylene blue dye under visible light. • The study establishes Ag-ZnO nanoparticles as dual-functional materials for biomedical and environmental applications.