Green Technologies in Agriculture: Optimization of Heat Balance and Increasing Energy Efficiency of Greenhouses

\nIn the context of the growing need for environmentally friendly and sustainable technologies, solar greenhouses represent an important element of green technologies aimed at reducing the environmental impact and increasing energy efficiency in agriculture. This paper presents an analysis of the coefficient of natural heat accumulation of solar radiation in the soil of translucent film fencing of hemispherical solar greenhouses. The study covers the dynamics of daily heat accumulation and identifies key factors affecting the efficiency of heat exchange inside the greenhouses. The method of heat engineering calculation of solar heating solar greenhouses, compiled balance equations for individual volumes, parts and in general greenhouses with their subsequent solution, the calculated expressions of solar greenhouses in autumn and spring during which heating in film solar greenhouses of semi-cylindrical shape, depending on the number of layers and orientation to the cardinal points of their translucent fencing and can be illuminated only through the use of solar energy. Based on the analysis of graphical dependencies constructed with the proposed calculation expressions, the degrees of influence of the orientation of the semi-cylindrical translucent film enclosure to the cardinal points, the presence or absence of vegetation in solar greenhouses, the number of layers of the translucent enclosure and external meteorological conditions on the formation of the daily cycle of air and soil surface temperature inside solar greenhouses are established. The obtained results contribute to the optimization of solar greenhouse parameters and the development of efficient methods for using solar energy, which is important for sustainable development and the introduction of green technologies in the agricultural sector.\n