Advancements and Future Directions in New Energy Vehicle Technologies and Sustainability

The concerns about reducing carbon emissions and dealing with climate change have led to a surge in interest and development of new energy Vehicles (NEVs). These vehicles, which include electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), are crucial in the transition towards sustainable transportation. This review paper provides an in-depth analysis of the current situation and advancements in NEV technologies, highlighting significant improvements in battery technology, power electronics, and charging infrastructure. It also examines various Energy Management System (EMS) optimization strategies, including rule-based, optimization-based, and learning-based approaches, and their impact on vehicle performance and economic viability. The paper discusses the environmental and economic benefits of advanced EMS technologies, such as reducing emissions and operational costs and enhancing the longevity of key components. Additionally, the paper explores future directions for NEV development, emphasizing the importance of government policies, technological innovations, and research priorities to overcome existing challenges and promote widespread adoption. This paper aims to analyze the sustainable growth and integration of NEVs in the automotive industry.