Facilitators\nand Barriers of Global Water Reuse: A\nSystematic Literature Review

Centralized municipal water reuse\nimplementation, particularly\npotable reuse, remains slow despite the need in many global locations\nto supplement conventional water supplies. Analyzing factors associated\nwith implementation can enhance our understanding of successful water\nreuse design and implementation. We conducted a systematic analysis\nof 232 peer-reviewed journal articles on water reuse implementation,\nidentifying and classifying influential factors as facilitators or\nbarriers to success. The most cited facilitators included clearly\ndefined and feasible regulations, public education and awareness programs,\nand drought conditions. Next, we analyzed case-level data by examining\nthe relationships between factors, implementation outcome, and end\nuse (potable vs nonpotable). The literature enabled analysis of 47\ncases with data from 44 articles. When analyzing factor co-occurrence\nwithin similar cases (e.g., successful nonpotable cases), several\nunique combinations of factors resulted in implementation success\n(e.g., fostering partnerships with the industrial/agricultural sectors\nand increasing organizational capacity by improving existing infrastructure).\nOur analysis highlights preliminary recommendations for implementation\nsuccess, as well as for future research to systematically collect\ndata across cases. These recommendations will help to better understand\nthe relative importance of each factor and causal relationships between\nfactors, to ultimately identify comprehensive strategies for successful\nimplementation.