Wax-Coated Graphene\nOxide Films as Moisture-Responsive\nActuators

Recently, soft actuators with the capabilities of stimuli\nresponse\nhave attracted great attention and shown potential application prospects\nin soft robots. The critical factor of soft actuators to realize\npractical applications is the programmable shape deformations. However,\nit remains a challenge to develop a simple and versatile method to\ndesign a soft actuator with programmable deformations. Herein, we\nreport a programmable graphene oxide (GO)/wax moisture-responsive\nactuator through water-shaping and heat-welding methods. Diverse actuators\nwith different initial shapes can be achieved by the water-shaping\nmethod, which provides the possibility for preparing actuators with\nvarious desired shapes. Additionally, more complex 3D configurations\nof actuators can be programmed by the heat-welding method. As proof-of-concept\ndemonstrations, several soft robots, such as a bionic walking robot,\na grasping robot, and a weight-bearing robot, are demonstrated. Certainly,\nthe versatile and simple programming methods of soft actuators hold\ngreat potential for intelligent robotics.