Vaginal Leiomyosarcoma: A Case Report and Literature Review

Abstract Background Vaginal leiomyosarcoma is a rare and aggressive malignancy arising from smooth muscle cells in the vaginal wall. Amongst, vaginal sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma is the most common and comprised fewer than 2% of all malignant vaginal neoplasms. Case Summary A 50-year, post-hysterectomized women presented with slowly growing mass of vagina for two years. A pre-operative biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of vaginal leiomyosarcoma. Wide local excision followed by adjuvant radiation and five cycles of ifosfamide and adriamycin was planned by the tumor Board. Patient has tolerated the treatment well till date. Conclusion This case adds to the scarce data of vaginal sarcomas and highlights need of pre-operative diagnosis and optimal management of vaginal leiomyosarcomas.