A High-Efficiency\nElectrochemical Biosensor for the\nDetection of Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells exhibit significant\npotential in the assessment of tumor development and immunotherapy.\nHowever, there is currently no convenient and efficient method to\nanalyze the quantitative changes of MAIT cells during cancer development\nand treatment, which has not been extensively studied. Here, we report\nan electrochemical biosensor designed to efficiently monitor MAIT\ncells in peripheral blood by simultaneously recognizing Vα7.2\nand CD161 on MAIT cells. Natural red blood cell membrane, tetrahedral\nDNA nanostructure, and modified nanometal framework are selected as\nantifouling coating, antibody scaffold, and electrochemical probe,\nrespectively. Owing to the synergistic effects of these materials,\nthe biosensor achieves robust antifouling ability while maintaining\nexcellent detection performance using rapid differential pulse voltammetry.\nWe show a decrease in the number of MAIT cells in peripheral blood\nassociated with aging and the development of mucosa-associated tumors.\nOur research has prospects in assessing the degree of malignancy of\ntumors, distinguishing immunotherapy responses in patients, reducing\ncosts, and promoting the transformation of electrochemical sensing\ntechnology into clinical settings.