Temperature-Responsive\nHydrogel System Integrating\nWound Temperature Monitoring and On-demand Drug Release for Sequentially\nInflammatory Process Regulation of Wound Healing

Wound healing faces challenges like\ninflammation, infection, and\nlimited monitoring capabilities, and traditional dressings often lack\nthe ability to promote healing or provide real-time wound status updates.\nEarly pro-inflammatory responses help clear pathogens and damaged\ntissue, while timely anti-inflammatory modulation aids tissue regeneration,\nmaking sequential inflammation regulation crucial. Additionally, wound\ntemperature, a key infection biomarker, enables real-time monitoring\nfor effective management. We propose a temperature-responsive hydrogel\ndressing capable of two-stage sequential drug release and wound temperature\nmonitoring. The hydrogel, composed of poly(<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide)\n(PNIPAM) and dopamine/methacrylated-modified hyaluronic acid (HA–MA–DA),\nallows temperature-based drug release control, sequential regulating\npro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory stages in wound healing. Interleukin-8\n(IL-8), a pro-inflammatory molecule, is encapsulated into hydrogel\nmatrix and rapidly released to trigger the initial inflammatory response.\nFurthermore, photothermally responsive and erastin-loaded polydopamine@PNIPAM\nnanoparticles (E-PD NPs) are incorporated to release the anti-inflammatory\ndrug erastin upon near-infrared light exposure, terminating inflammation\nthrough cytosolic burial, and thus achieve anti-inflammatory effects\nat the second stage of wound healing. Furthermore, a bluetooth module\nenables real-time wound temperature monitoring. Combining sequential\ndrug release with temperature monitoring, our hydrogel dressing addresses\nsignificant gaps in current wound healing technologies and offers\nnew insights into personalized therapeutic interventions.