Fundamentals and Exceptions of the LysR-type Transcriptional\nRegulators

LysR-type\ntranscriptional regulators (LTTRs) are emerging as a\npromising group of macromolecules for the field of biosensors. As\nthe largest family of bacterial transcription factors, the LTTRs represent\na vast and mostly untapped repertoire of sensor proteins. To fully\nharness these regulators for transcription factor-based biosensor\ndevelopment, it is crucial to understand their underlying mechanisms\nand functionalities. In the first part, this Review discusses the\nestablished model and features of LTTRs. As dual-function regulators,\nthese inducible transcription factors exude precise control over their\nregulatory targets. In the second part of this Review, an overview\nis given of the exceptions to the “classic” LTTR model.\nWhile a general regulatory mechanism has helped elucidate the intricate\nregulation performed by LTTRs, it is essential to recognize the variations\nwithin the family. By combining this knowledge, characterization of\nnew regulators can be done more efficiently and accurately, accelerating\nthe expansion of transcriptional sensors for biosensor development.\nUnlocking the pool of LTTRs would significantly expand the currently\nlimited range of detectable molecules and regulatory functions available\nfor the implementation of novel synthetic genetic circuitry.