Biological\nEvaluation of a Rhodium(III) Bipyridylsulfonamide\nComplex: Effects on Mitochondrial Dynamics and Cytoskeletal Remodeling\nin Breast Cancer Cells

Rhodium(III) complexes have gained attention for their\nanticancer\npotential. In this study, we investigated a rhodium(III) bipyridylsulfonamide\ncomplex (<b>2</b>) and its ligand (<b>L</b>) for their\neffects on breast cancer (SKBr3) and noncancerous mammary cells (HB2).\nBoth compounds significantly reduced oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)\nand mitochondrial function in SKBr3 cells while sparing HB2 cells.\nCompound <b>2</b> also increased glycolysis in both lines, suggesting\na metabolic shift. Mitochondrial size and shape were altered, particularly\nin SKBr3 cells. Additionally, both compounds reduced cancer cell migration\nby disrupting actin cytoskeleton organization and the Rac1/VASP signaling\npathway. These findings suggest that the rhodium(III) bipyridylsulfonamide\ncomplex selectively impairs mitochondrial dynamics and cell migration\nin cancer cells while sparing healthy cells, providing insight into\nits mechanism of action and toward its use as targeted anticancer\ntherapy. This study lays the groundwork for future in vivo studies\nand further optimization of these metal-based therapeutics for clinical\napplications.