Optimization of\nSeparation Processes in Multiproduct\nBiorefinery Design to Produce Furan-Based Compounds and Their Derivatives\nUsing Performance Indicators

The current dependence on fossil fuels to produce fuels\nand chemicals\nleads to resource depletion and environmental pollution. A promising\nalternative is to convert lignocellulosic biomass into high-value\nproducts through biorefineries, as biofuel production remains unprofitable.\nThis study designs and optimizes a multiproduct biorefinery using\ncorn stover, with sections for pretreatment, levulinic acid and γ-valerolactone\nproduction, and furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural production. Product\nflows are determined by sugar sent to each section and its direct\nimpact on process performance. Three preset scenarios and one open\nsearch for optimal design were explored, all optimized with sustainability\nindicators. Scenario four was the optimum, producing primarily hydroxymethylfurfural\nwith a total annual cost of 2.73 × 10<sup>7</sup> USD/year, an\nenvironmental impact of 5.62 × 10<sup>6</sup> points/year, and\nan energy requirement of 1.26 × 10<sup>9</sup> MJ/year. In this\nwork was obtained the design of a biorefinery for producing all target\ncompounds with optimal cost-effectiveness, minimal environmental impact,\nand low energy consumption.