Dimethyl Isosorbide\nand Its Mixtures with Aliphatic/Aromatic\nHydrocarbons: Binary and Ternary Liquid–Liquid Equilibria and\nThermodynamic Characterization

This study examines the thermodynamic and physicochemical\nproperties\nof dimethyl isosorbide (DMI), a novel green solvent, in its pure form\nand in binary and ternary mixtures with aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons.\nIn this paper, we present the systematic measurements of DMI’s\ndensity and dynamic viscosity over a temperature range of 288.15–343.15\nK at pressure <i>p</i> = 100 kPa. The results show that\nDMI exhibits moderate density and viscosity compared to other green\nsolvents. Furthermore, liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) data\nwere obtained for three binary systems comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons\n(DMI + (<i>n</i>-hexane, <i>n</i>-decane, and <i>n</i>-tetradecane)) and two ternary systems (<i>n</i>-hexane + (benzene or toluene) + DMI). The behavior of these mixtures\nwas described using the extended scaling law (ESL) and the NRTL equations,\nwith both models providing accurate descriptions. The biphasic regions\nof the binary systems were notably smaller than those observed in\nother green solvent-containing systems. The ternary systems exhibited\ntype I behavior according to Treybal classification. The extraction\nefficiency analysis revealed that the use of DMI might not be advantageous\nfor the aromatic/aliphatic separation. Despite this fact, the obtained\nthermodynamic description of the DMI’s behavior could contribute\nto the future design of sustainable processes.