Bi₂W₂O₉ NanoflakesSynthesized via a Hydrothermal Method: Antibacterial Potency and CytotoxicityEvaluation on Human Dermal Fibroblasts

The prevalence of disease and death caused by pathogenic microbes is on the rise, and increasing rates of antibiotic resistance are concerning. This study investigates the antibacterial properties and cell viability (NHDF) behavior of synthesized Bi₂W₂O₉ nanoflakes. The Bi₂W₂O₉ nanoflakes were synthesized using the hydrothermal method, and their physical and compositional stability was analyzed through various characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Raman, and DRS-UV. The Bi₂W₂O₉ nanoflakes demonstrated promising antibacterial properties, with no significant cytotoxic effects, such as cell death or detachment, observed. This study confirms that Bi₂W₂O₉ nanoflakes exhibit antibacterial activity against oral pathogens while maintaining 90% cell viability in normal human dermal fibroblast cell lines, paving the way for new therapeutic options for the treatment of oral infections.