Durable Multilayered\nSleeve-Structured Hybrid Nanogenerator\nfor Efficient Water Wave Energy Harvesting

The state-of-the-art triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG)\ntechnology\nhas numerous advantages and creates new prospects for the rapid development\nof the Internet of Things (IoT) in marine environments. Here, to accelerate\nthe application process of TENG, an elaborately designed multilayered\nsleeve-structured hybrid nanogenerator (M-HNG) is developed to efficiently\nand persistently harvest marine energy. The M-HNG integrates an electromagnetic\nnanogenerator (EMG) with four coils and a multilayered sleeve-structured\nTENG (MS-TENG) with three freestanding layer units to increase spatial\nutilization efficiency. Moreover, rabbit fur strips are introduced\nto enhance the output performance and strengthen the durability of\nTENG. Therefore, the MS-TENG has high durability due to its soft-contact\nstructure, maintaining its performance even after 240,000 cycles.\nWhen a 1000 μF capacitor is charged by M-HNG utilizing a power\nmanagement circuit (PMC), the stored energy is increased from 2.62\nmJ to 140.11 mJ, representing a significant improvement of 52-fold.\nThe M-HNG triggered by water waves has successfully powered various\nsmall electronic devices, including 1200 LED lights, nine thermo-hygrometers,\na water quality testing pen, and water level alarms. The proposed\nM-HNG effectively harvests low-frequency water wave energy, introducing\nan innovative concept for constructing a hybrid TENG with enhanced\ndensity and durability.