Diversity of chemical compounds and pharmacological properties of Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf: Richness and variation of flavonoids with a wide range of biological effects

Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf (lemongrass) is widely used in both traditional and modern medicine for the management of various ailments, owing to its chemical composition, particularly its flavonoid content. This review examines the diversity, variation, and extraction methods of these bioactive compounds, which vary depending on the plant parts used, extraction techniques, and environmental conditions. Key flavonoids identified, such as kaempferol, rutin, and quercetin, demonstrate significant pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and cardioprotective effects. They are effective against harmful pathogens, including bacteria (e.g., Vibrio, Salmonella, Staphylococcus) and fungi (e.g., Candida, Fusarium). These findings support the application of Cymbopogon citratus in both traditional and modern medicinal practices. However, further research is necessary to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of its flavonoids.