Şâhidî’nin Mürâîler Redifli Gazelinde Bir Sosyal Tenkit Örneği Olarak Zahit Tipinin Eleştirisi

In Classical Turkish poetry, there are certain types that poets criticize, sometimes sarcastically and sometimes in a serious style. The zahit, who is criticized from the clothes he wears to the place he sits, from the words he speaks to the worship he performs, is one of these types. With his characteristics, he is not only the enemy of the lover but also the target of both rint and sheikh/ sufi poets. The poets criticized the zahit in order to conform to the framework set by tradition and to create an environment of social criticism in order to reveal who, what and why they criticized. Social criticism is one of the main functions of literature, which is not independent from society, but rather shaped accordingly. Although poets target individuals with their criticism, they essentially aim to correct the deterioration in society. It can be thought that this was the aim of the poets who criticized the zahit in their poems and that they wanted to put an end to the hypocrisy in society based on his personality.The 16th century poet Şâhidî also frequently criticized the zahit and his hypocritical behavior in his poems. In this study, first of all, the sufistic understanding and the levels of this understanding, who is called a sufi and who is called a zahit will be mentioned. Then, after mentioning the conflict between the rint and the zahit in classical Turkish poetry, information will be given about the life, literary personality and works of Şâhidî, who was first a disciple and then a murshid on the path of sufism. Before the main analysis of the study, examples of selected couplets from his Dîvân will be given and explained in order to provide a basis for Şâhidî’s thoughts on the zahit. Afterwards, the analysis of Şâhidî’s ghazal with the redif “mürâîler” will be analyzed and the couplets of this ghazal will be translated into prose and interpreted. Thus, in the sample of the ghazal in question, it will be investigated how the poet deals with the character and behavior of the zahit and what he criticizes. Throughout the article, “Why is zahit at the center of criticism? What is he doing wrong? Why does Şâhidî criticize the zahit?” and the characteristics of these so-called ‘hypocrites’ will be revealed.