Josef Menges and the Early Mapping of Somaliland

Josef Menges and German Exploration in the Horn of Africa Following the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869, the coastal territories of the Horn of Africa became the focus of increasing interest by foreign powers, agencies, and individuals, who were attracted by the logistical, commercial, and geopolitical potential of these territories.1 Josef Menges (1850–1910), a Hessian, was one of many German agents and adventurers who thrived there during the height of exploration and colonialism. Betwee...