Grey Wolf Optimized PID controller to control the frequency in five-area power system in presence of uncertainties

Providing reliable and sufficient power to the client is essential. Power quality is determined by the consistency of frequency and tie-line power between control regions. Thus, the importance of Load Frequency Control in an electrical network cannot be overstated. In this work, a PID controller using the Grey Wolf Optimization algorithm is employed to help with frequency management in a multi-area power network. A reheated turbine power system with five area is controlled by the PID controller. The experimental data showed a comparison between GWO-PID, Genetic Algorithm-based PID, Particle Swarm Optimization-based PID, and Firefly Algorithm-based PID. With a 1% step load variation, the findings confirmed the efficiency of using the integral time absolute error (ITAE) performance index. GA, PSO, and FA can’t keep up with the GWO-based PID controller when it comes to optimising an integrated power system. Simulation results reveal that GWO has the shortest settling time for frequency variations, as well as the lowest undershoot, overshoot, and ITAE values. To evaluate the robustness of GWO-PID, sensitivity analysis is done by modifying the system parameters like turbine and governor time constant in the range of ±10% from their nominal values.