Post-Pandemic Physical Activity Patterns among Adolescents: A Comparative Study in Haryana

The COVID-19 pandemic profoundly impacted adolescent health behaviours, especially physical activity patterns. This study investigates and compares post-pandemic physical activity trends among adolescents in Haryana's urban and rural regions. A total of 500 adolescents (250 urban and 250 rural, aged 12–18 years) were surveyed using structured questionnaires based on the WHO Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), complemented by focus group discussions with students, parents, and physical education teachers. Findings reveal a significant decline in overall physical activity levels post-pandemic, with urban adolescents showing a sharper reduction compared to their rural counterparts. Urban participants reported increased screen time, limited access to outdoor spaces, and decreased engagement in school-based physical education. Conversely, rural adolescents maintained relatively better activity levels, aided by continued participation in outdoor chores and traditional games. Gender disparities were also evident, with girls—particularly in urban areas—exhibiting lower activity levels due to household responsibilities and social restrictions. Qualitative insights further highlighted the lack of structured post-pandemic physical activity initiatives in schools and communities, particularly in urban settings. The data underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions, including school-led PE programs, gender-inclusive sports opportunities, and parental awareness campaigns to combat rising sedentary behaviours. This comparative analysis not only reveals critical regional and gender-based disparities but also provides actionable insights for policymakers, educators, and public health practitioners working to restore and promote active lifestyles among adolescents in a post-pandemic landscape.