Paurocephalini

Keys to the Brazilian genera and species of Paurocephalini Adults (Melanastera granulosi sp. nov. and M. sebiferae sp. nov. excluded for the lack of males) 1 Apical metatibial spurs not or only weakly sclerotised, forming a complete, posteriorly open crown. Frons small, rhomboidal. Abdominal tergites lacking median tubercle. Paramere, in lateral view, with short, digitiform apex weakly directed posteriad (Fig. 21B, I, P). Base of distal segment of aedeagus strongly inflated ventrad; apical dilation short, oval (Fig. 21D, K, R). Female terminalia slender and relatively long; apical process on female subgenital plate long and narrow (Fig. 21G, N, U). On Luehea spp. (Malvaceae)........................................................................ Klyveria 2 - Apical metatibial spurs strongly sclerotised, often separated by one or several bristles anteriorly (Fig. 6B). Frons large, triangular. At least two abdominal tergites with a median tubercle. Paramere, in lateral view, different or, if apex digitiform, then directed anteriad (Figs 22–35). Base of distal segment of aedeagus not inflated ventrally; apical dilation relatively long (Figs 22–35). Female terminalia robust and relatively short; apical process on female subgenital plate short and broad (Figs 22–35). Not on Luehea spp. .............................................................................. Melanastera 4 2 FL <1.5. Vertex half as long as wide, with distinct imbricate microsculpture (Fig. 8A). Antenna light except for apex, short (AL <0.8; AL/HW <1.4). Forewing evenly pale yellow, with subparallel margins, narrowly rounded apically; FL/FW ≥ 2.4 (Fig. 14A). Terminalia as in Figs 21A–G......................................................... K. flaviae sp. nov. - FL> 1.5. Vertex distinctly shorter than half as wide, with indistinct microsculpture (Fig. 8B, C). Antenna dark brown, long (AL> 0.8; AL/HW> 1.4; Fig. 7A). Forewing with dark brown veins; widest in apical third, broadly rounded apically; FL/FW <2.4 (Fig. 14B, C)......................................................................................... 3 3 Setae on head (Fig. 8B), thorax and forewing veins short. Forewing with narrow pterostigma (PtL/PtW> 10.0); vein Rs almost straight, slightly curved to fore margin apically; vein Cu 1a weakly convex, Cu 1a L/cu 1 W> 2.5 (Fig. 14B). Paramere, in both dorsal and lateral views, with a broad apex bearing two small sclerotised teeth (Fig. 21I, M). Female proctiger, in dorsal view, with oval circumanal ring...................................................... K. crassiflagellata (Burckhardt) - Setae on head (Fig. 8C), thorax and forewing veins long. Forewing with broad pterostigma (PtL/PtW <10.0); vein Rs sinuate, strongly curved to fore margin apically; vein Cu 1a strongly convex, Cu 1a L/cu 1 W <2.5 (Fig. 14C). Paramere, in both dorsal and lateral views, with a narrow apex lacking distinct sclerotised teeth (Fig. 21P, T). Female proctiger, in dorsal view, with vaguely cruciform circumanal ring.......................................................... K. setinervis (Burckhardt) 4 Vertex and thorax covered with long macroscopical setae (Fig. 8D–G). Pterostigma with subparallel margins, weakly or not widening towards apex (Fig. 14D–G). On Asteraceae .......................................... curtisetosa -group 5 - Vertex and thorax covered with microscopical setae (Fig. 6A). Pterostigma distinctly expanding towards the middle or apical third (Figs 15–20). On other plant families................................................................. 8 5 Brown dots on forewing faint or completely lacking (Fig. 14D, E); FL/FW> 2.6. Apical dilation of distal segment of aedeagus narrow in both lateral and dorsal views (Figs 21X, Y, 22C, D). Setae in apical half of female subgenital plate relatively short (Figs 21 AA, 22F)..................................................................................... 6 - Brown dots on forewing distinct (Fig. 14F, G); FL/FW <2.6. Apical dilation of distal segment of aedeagus broad in lateral and dorsal views (Fig. 22I, J, O, P). Setae in apical half of female subgenital plate moderately long (Fig. 22L, R)............. 7 6 Forewing with few, very faint brown dots (Fig. 14D); surface spinules relatively dense. Male proctiger slender (Fig. 21V). Paramere, in lateral view, lamellar (Fig. 21W).Apical dilation of distal segment of aedeagus narrow and, in lateral view, slightly curved (Fig. 21X, Y). Dorsal margin of female proctiger, in lateral view, with small swelling distal to circumanal ring (Fig. 21 AA). Probably on Asteraceae ......................................................... M. curtisetosa sp. nov. - Forewing membrane lacking brown dots (Fig. 14E); surface spinules relatively sparse. Male proctiger robust (Fig. 22A). Paramere, in lateral view, lanceolate (Fig. 22B). Apical dilation of distal segment of aedeagus wide and, in lateral view, almost straight (Fig. 22C, D). Dorsal margin of female proctiger, in lateral view, with large swelling distal to circumanal ring (Fig. 22F). On Eremanthus erythropappus ..................................................... M. eremanthi sp. nov. 7 FL ≥ 2.0. Male proctiger, in lateral view, weakly curved posteriorly (Fig. 22G). Paramere, in lateral view, relatively robust (Fig. 22H). Female terminalia relatively long, FP/HW> 1.1; proctiger straight apically; subgenital plate, in lateral view, gradually narrowing towards apex (Fig. 22L). Head usually light (Fig. 8F). On Moquiniastrum polymorphum ..................................................................................................... M. moquiniastri sp. nov. - FL <2.0. Male proctiger, in lateral view, distinctly produced posteriorly (Fig. 22M). Paramere, in lateral view, relatively slender (Fig. 22N). Female terminalia relatively short, FP/HW <1.1; proctiger upturned apically; subgenital plate, in lateral view, in apical third abruptly narrowing towards apex (Fig. 22R). Head usually dark (Fig. 8G). On Moquiniastrum polymorphum and Vernonanthura phosphorica ................................................................ M. notia sp. nov. 8 Forewing yellow to dark brown, lacking pattern of small brown dots (Figs 14H–J, 15A–F)................ olgae -group 9 - Forewing with pattern of small brown dots (Figs 15G–J, 16–19, 20A–F), sometimes confluent (e.g. Figs 16F, 17D)...... 15 9 Forewing coriaceous, entirely dark brown, FL/FW <2.0 (Figs 7C, 14H); costal break absent; cell m 1 long (ML/M 1+2 L <1.0); surface spinules indistinct.Apical dilation of distal segment of aedeagus long and narrow; ventral process, in lateral view, claw-like apically (Fig. 22U), in dorsal view, broad basally and narrowly truncate apically (Fig. 22V). On Guatteria punctata ........................................................................................... M. olgae sp. nov. - Forewing membranous, pale yellow to brown or partly dark brown with clear patches, FL/FW> 2.0 (Figs 14I, J, 15A–F); cell m 1 short (ML/M 1+2 L> 1.0); costal break developed; surface spinules distinct. Apical dilation of distal segment of aedeagus short and broad; ventral process different (Figs 23C, G, H, M, N, S, T, 24C–E, J, K).................................... 10 10 Forewing pattern sexually dimorphic: male with three large clear areas at base, along nodal line and at anterior margin subapically (Figs 14I, 15A); female uniformly pale or dark brown with small clear patches at wing base and at apex of cu 2 cell (Figs 14J, 15B). Vertex smooth, lacking distinct microsculpture (Fig. 8I, J). Paramere, in lateral view, slender, weakly curved anteriad (Fig. 23B, F)................................................................................. 11 - Forewing in both sexes entirely yellow or pale brown (Fig. 15C–F). Vertex with distinct microsculpture (Fig. 9A–D). Paramere, in lateral view, robust, relatively straight (Figs 23L, R, 24B, I)................................................. 12 11 Coloration light: body orange, forewing pale brown (Fig. 14I, J). Forewing of male with narrow light band along nodal line and small light patch at anterior margin subapically (Fig. 14I). Teminalia as in Fig. 23 A–D. Matto Grosso.................................................................................................... M. mazzardoae sp. nov. - Coloration dark: body and forewing dark brown (Fig. 15A, B). Forewing of male with broad clear band along nodal line and large clear patch at anterior wing margin subapically (Fig. 15A). Teminalia as in Fig. 23E–J. Amazonas and Roraima. On Guatteria sp. ........................................................................ M. variegata sp. nov. 12 FL <1.2. Ventral process of distal segment of aedeagus, in lateral view, about as long as apical dilation (Fig. 23M). Female terminalia relatively elongate (FP/HW> 0.87). Perhaps on Xylopia sp. ............................. M. parva sp. nov. - FL> 1.2. Ventral process of distal segment of aedeagus, in lateral view, shorter than apical dilation (Figs 23S, 24C, J). Female terminalia relatively short (FP/HW ≤ 0.87)................................................................ 13 13 Forewing broad (FL/FW <2.4), membrane yellow to pale brown, lacking clear bands along veins (Fig. 15D). Metatibia with ca. 5 bristles separating apical spurs in two groups. Paramere, in lateral view, strongly narrowing apically (Fig. 23R). On Guatteria sellowiana .......................................................................... M. guatteriae sp. nov. - Forewing narrow (FL/FW> 2.4), membrane bright yellow, with clear bands along veins (Fig. 15E, F). Metatibia lacking bristles between apical spurs. Paramere, in lateral view, weakly narrowing apically (Fig. 24B, I)............................ 14 14 Median suture of vertex fully developed (Fig. 9C). Forewing with short pterostigma (PtL/FL <0.35) and broad cell cu 1 (Cu 1a L/ cu 1 W <4.0) (Fig. 15E). Paramere, in lateral view, relatively slender with weakly c