GA-Related Risk Factors for Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting: Meta-Analysis Review

Abstract Introduction: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are common side effects that must be addressed effectively after general anaesthesia to ensure a patient's full recovery. This review will highlight the significant risk factors associated with PONV and provide the most effective strategies for reducing its incidence. Methods: This study is based upon the collected data from various articles published in PubMed, Medline, and Scholars, which helped us draw conclusions and make recommendations. Results: In this period, this review has employed PONV as Prophylaxis and Risk factors as Keywords. Various determinants are linked with PONV, including patient-related factors, surgery-related factors, and anesthesia-related factors. Logistic regression analyses show that age younger than 50, female gender, history of PONV, use of volatile anaesthetics, nonsmoking status, use of opioid analgesics, and gynecologic and obstetric surgeries increase the likelihood of PONV. Conclusion: An Anaesthesia Procedure and anaesthetics used play key factors in the Incidence of nausea and vomiting, just as modern anaesthesia methods use Pharmacological & Non-Pharmacological Prophylaxis as a multimodal strategy, the use of combined antiemetics Should be adapted which is more effective in avoiding PONV, Propofol as an induction agent, and the administration of combined neostigmine and atropine as reversal agents. Along with the intervention it decreases the baseline risks in patients with higher chances of PONV.