Review On Variation of Cost Among Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like India, where it remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Although the Indian government provides free TB treatment through public health programs, a significant proportion of patients still rely on private healthcare services, leading to considerable out-of-pocket expenses. This review focuses on the cost variation among anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) drugs and its impact on treatment accessibility. It covers the epidemiology, types, diagnosis, and standard treatment regimens for both drug-susceptible and drug-resistant TB. The study reveals significant price disparities across different brands of the same drug, with cost variation percentages ranging from 10% to over 400%. Fixed-dose combinations also showed substantial cost differences. The review further discusses the direct and indirect costs borne by patients—including medication, diagnostics, hospitalization, travel, and wage loss—with total annual costs per patient ranging from ₹155,200 to ₹411,000. These financial burdens often hinder treatment adherence, contributing to the emergence of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). The paper emphasizes the need for strict pricing regulations, better awareness of free government services, and stronger public-private coordination. Addressing these disparities is crucial for improving treatment outcomes and reducing the overall TB burden.