A Comparative Study on The Effects of Arni and Beta Blocker on Renal Function in Patients with Heart Failure

Heart failure (HF) is a multi faceted clinical syndrome classified based on ejection fraction into heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Renal dysfunction is frequently observed in HF and serves as a strong predictor of adverse outcomes. Recent advancements have highlighted the therapeutic potential of angiotensin receptor blocker-neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs),not only in improving cardiac outcomes but also in preserving in renal function. This study aims to evaluate the renal benefits of ARNI therapy in comparision to beta blockers in HF patients. A prospective observational study was conducted over a six-month period at Durgabai Deshmukh Hospital, Hyderabad, including 100 diagnosed HF patients, categorized into HFrEF and HFpEF groups. Renal parameters such as serum creatinine, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels were monitored. The outcomes of ARNI therapy were statistically compared with those of beta blockers using t-test and chi-square test. The findings revealed a significant reduction in serum creatinine levels in HFrEF patients receiving ARNI, along with a notable decrease in BNP levels across both HFrEF and HFpEF groups. While serum electrolyte levels remained stable with ARNI therapy, an improvement in GFR was predominantly observed in the HFrEF group. These results suggest that ARNI therapy offers considerable renal protection in heart failure patients, especially those with HFrEF, and may serve as a superior alternative to conventional beta blocker therapy in managing both cardiac and renal aspects of HF.