Towards New Physics: A Cosmological Model Without Dark Matter Based on Observable Energy Gradients

We present a structured approach to cosmology where gravity emerges not as a curvature of spacetime but as an energy gradient arising from vacuum anisotropies and fluctuations. This gradient can explain local galactic dynamics as well as large-scale phenomena such as the cosmic microwave background (CMB), dark matter effects, and accelerated expansion. We derive a mathematical model with an oscillatory and damping component and apply it to describe galactic rotation curves, the CMB spectrum, and other observational data. Instead of treating the vacuum as homogeneously empty, we propose it has internal structure—composed of fluctuating energy 'cells' with varying densities. Anisotropies in this structure produce observable energy gradients, which act on matter and mimic gravitational forces.