THE RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND PREVENTION OF GALVANOSIS

Galvanosis is a condition in dentistry caused by electrochemical reactions between dissimilar metal structures in the mouth, leading to discomfort and potential oral health issues. Recent research emphasizes accurate diagnosis, identification of risk factors, and preventive strategies as the foundation for effective management and prevention of galvanosis. Corrosion of Metal Structures: The primary cause is the corrosion of metal dental appliances, especially when different metals are present. Factors influencing corrosion include manufacturing quality, presence of impurities, saliva composition, and pH levels. Role of Saliva: Saliva acts as an electrolyte, and its pH and composition significantly affect electrochemical processes, increasing the risk in patients with certain systemic or oral diseases. Key Diagnostic Tools: Measurement of potential difference (oral biopotentials) between metal structures is the main diagnostic criterion. Additional methods include pH-metry of saliva, assessment of salivary flow rate, enzymatic activity, and spectral analysis of saliva. Differential Diagnosis: Careful distinction from other oral mucosal diseases and systemic conditions is necessary. Oral biopotential measurement Confirms galvanosis by detecting voltage differences pH-metry of saliva Assesses oral environment’s role in corrosion Salivary flow and enzyme analysis Evaluates oral health and risk factors. Material Selection: Use of metal-free dental structures or careful selection of compatible alloys reduces risk. Manufacturing Quality: Adhering to proper manufacturing techniques and using electroplating can minimize corrosion. Risk Assessment: A point-based system for evaluating patient risk factors (including immunoglobulin E levels) helps guide the choice of materials before treatment begins. Pre-treatment Testing: Diagnostic tests with plastic crowns containing planned alloys can predict potential reactions