From adaptation to inculturation: The catholic mission and dayak culture in the diocese of palangka raya, central kalimantan

This study explores the historical development, cultural engagement, and pastoral challenges of the Catholic mission in Central Kalimantan, from the arrival of Antonio Ventimiglia in the 17th century to the establishment of the Diocese of Palangka Raya in 1993. Using a literature review method, relevant academic, ecclesial, and historical sources published in the last two decades were thematically analyzed to identify missionary strategies, key contributors, and the interaction between Catholicism and Dayak culture. The findings show that while Catholicism has contributed significantly to transforming marriage customs, integrating Christian meaning into agricultural and life-cycle rituals, and improving economic organization through initiatives such as Credit Unions, the process of inculturation remains incomplete. Many Dayak Catholics retain elements of pre-Christian belief, particularly Kaharingan traditions and mystical practices such as belian. Limited pastoral resources and challenging geography hinder the deepening of catechesis and faith formation. The discussion highlights that authentic evangelization in this context requires moving beyond adaptation toward genuine inculturation, incorporating local symbols like Batang Garing into catechesis, and empowering local catechists and clergy through institutions such as STIPAS Tahasak Danum Pambelum. The study concludes that a culturally rooted and pastorally strategic approach is essential for Catholicism to be fully integrated into the life and identity of the Dayak people.